England, Hampshire: Portsmouth Coastal Fortifications
As the Royal Navy's main base in the 19th century, Portsmouth was seen to need heavy defences when threatened by French aggression and advances in their ships designs in the mid-1850s. The Royal Commission instructed numerous defences be constructed to supplement the old, now ineffective, fortifications. Portsmouth was to be protected by a line of forts and gun batteries along the coast from Fort Gilkicker to…